Strength-to-weight ratio assessment of a cotton-glass fibers hybrid composite beam
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37636/recit.v6n4e322Keywords:
Hybrid composite material, I-beam, Flexural test, Numerical simulationAbstract
In this work, the strength-to-weight ratio on I-beam of a cotton-glass fibers hybrid composite (64% cotton fibers and 36% glass fibers) was assessed. Numerical simulations were carried out under flexural loads and a flexural test were carried out using a Shimadzu AG-X plus 100kN testing machine. The results showed that it is possible to obtain an optimized geometry within the beam through the strategic removal of material zones without compromising the structural integrity. Furthermore, the flexural test on the composite beam showed a higher value in the strength/weight ratio (44) compared to the optimized 6061-T6 aluminum beam (39.65); this behavior can be explained because fiber-reinforced composites are generally less dense compared to metals, and to the distribution of cotton and glass fibers within the beam.
Downloads
Metrics
References
M. Das, S. Sahu, and D. R. Parhi, "Composite materials and their damage detection using AI techniques for aerospace application: A brief review," Mater Today Proc, vol. 44, pp. 955-960, Jan. 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.11.005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.11.005
U. Fasel, D. Keidel, L. Baumann, G. Cavolina, M. Eichenhofer, and P. Ermanni, "Composite additive manufacturing of morphing aerospace structures," Manuf Lett, vol. 23, pp. 85-88, Jan. 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mfglet.2019.12.004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mfglet.2019.12.004
A. Tiwary, R. Kumar, and J. S. Chohan, "A review on characteristics of composite and advanced materials used for aerospace applications," Mater Today Proc, vol. 51, pp. 865-870, Jan. 2022, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.06.276 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.06.276
S. M. Shohel, S. Sen Gupta, and S. H. Riyad, "Weight optimization and finite element analysis of automobile leaf spring: A design construction referred to electric vehicle," IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng, vol. 1259, no. 1, p. 012024, Oct. 2022, https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/1259/1/012024 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/1259/1/012024
F. Rubino, A. Nisticò, F. Tucci, and P. Carlone, "Marine Application of Fiber Reinforced Composites: A Review," Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 2020, Vol. 8, Page 26, vol. 8, no. 1, p. 26, Jan. 2020, https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse8010026 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse8010026
S. S. P. Reddy, R. Suresh, M. B. Hanamantraygouda, and B. P. Shivakumar, "Use of composite materials and hybrid composites in wind turbine blades," Mater Today Proc, vol. 46, pp. 2827-2830, Jan. 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.02.745 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.02.745
S. Kannivel, H. Subramanian, V. Arumugam, and H. N. Dhakal, "Low-Velocity Impact Induced Damage Evaluation and Its Influence on the Residual Flexural Behavior of Glass/Epoxy Laminates Hybridized with Glass Fillers," Journal of Composites Science 2020, Vol. 4, Page 99, vol. 4, no. 3, p. 99, Jul. 2020, https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs4030099 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs4030099
A. A. Xavier da Silva, Í. J. de Araújo Silva, A. C. M. Miranda, A. Manes, and S. C. Amico, "Influence of hybridization on the mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties of aramid/S2-glass hybrid laminates," Mater Today Commun, vol. 32, p. 104021, Aug. 2022, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2022.104021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2022.104021
M. Wang, Z. Pan, Z. Wu, and Z. Ying, "Effect of carbon/Kevlar asymmetric hybridization ratio on the low-velocity impact response of plain-woven laminates," Compos Struct, vol. 276, p. 114574, Nov. 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2021.114574 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2021.114574
U. Szeluga, B. Kumanek, and B. Trzebicka, "Synergy in hybrid polymer/nanocarbon composites. A review," Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf, vol. 73, pp. 204-231, Jun. 2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2015.02.021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2015.02.021
S. N. A. Safri, M. T. H. Sultan, M. Jawaid, and K. Jayakrishna, "Impact behaviour of hybrid composites for structural applications: A review," Compos B Eng, vol. 133, pp. 112-121, Jan. 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.09.008
A. Wagih, T. A. Sebaey, A. Yudhanto, and G. Lubineau, "Post-impact flexural behavior of carbon-aramid/epoxy hybrid composites," Compos Struct, vol. 239, p. 112022, May 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2020.112022
S. N. A. Safri, M. T. H. Sultan, M. Jawaid, and K. Jayakrishna, "Impact behaviour of hybrid composites for structural applications: A review," Compos B Eng, vol. 133, pp. 112-121, Jan. 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.09.008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.09.008
M. Kalantari, C. Dong, and I. J. Davies, "Multi-objective robust optimisation of unidirectional carbon/glass fibre reinforced hybrid composites under flexural loading," Compos Struct, vol. 138, pp. 264-275, Mar. 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2015.11.034 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2015.11.034
G. Czél, M. Jalalvand, and M. R. Wisnom, "Design and characterisation of advanced pseudo-ductile unidirectional thin-ply carbon/epoxy-glass/epoxy hybrid composites," Compos Struct, vol. 143, pp. 362-370, May 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2016.02.010 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2016.02.010
R. Murugan, R. Ramesh, and K. Padmanabhan, "Investigation of the mechanical behavior and vibration characteristics of thin-walled glass/carbon hybrid composite beams under a fixed-free boundary condition," vol. 23, no. 8, pp. 909-916, Aug. 2016, https://doi.org/10.1080/15376494.2015.1056394 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15376494.2015.1056394
E. Alcudia-Zacarías, A. Abúndez-Pliego, J. Mayén, J. Colín-Ocampo, A. Blanco-Ortega, and W. M. Alcocer-Rosado, "Experimental Assessment of Residual Integrity and Balanced Mechanical Properties of GFRP/CFRP Hybrid Laminates under Tensile and Flexural Conditions," Applied Composite Materials, vol. 27, no. 6, pp. 895-914, Dec. 2020, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10443-020-09839-x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10443-020-09839-x
K. L. Pickering, M. G. A. Efendy, and T. M. Le, "A review of recent developments in natural fibre composites and their mechanical performance," Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf, vol. 83, pp. 98-112, Apr. 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2015.08.038 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2015.08.038
A. Wang, X. Liu, Q. Yue, and G. Xian, "Tensile properties hybrid effect of unidirectional flax/carbon fiber hybrid reinforced polymer composites," Journal of Materials Research and Technology, vol. 24, pp. 1373-1389, May 2023, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2023.03.078
S. Saroj, S. Nayak, and D. K. Jesthi, "Effect of hybridization of carbon/glass/flax/kenaf fibre composite on flexural and impact properties," Mater Today Proc, vol. 49, pp. 502-506, Jan. 2022, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.03.094 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.03.094
G. Velmurugan, T. Shaafi, M. S. Bhagavathi, and V. Siva Shankar, "Evaluate the tensile, flexural and impact strength of hemp and flax based hybrid composites under cryogenic environment," Mater Today Proc, vol. 50, pp. 1326-1332, Jan. 2022, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.08.244 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.08.244
C. Dong, "Flexural properties of symmetric carbon and glass fibre reinforced hybrid composite laminates," Composites Part C: Open Access, vol. 3, p. 100047, Nov. 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomc.2020.100047 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomc.2020.100047
A. Wagih, T. A. Sebaey, A. Yudhanto, and G. Lubineau, "Post-impact flexural behavior of carbon-aramid/epoxy hybrid composites," Compos Struct, vol. 239, p. 112022, May 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2020.112022 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2020.112022
H. Jiang, X. Liu, S. Jiang, and Y. Ren, "Hybrid effects and interactive failure mechanisms of hybrid fiber composites under flexural loading: Carbon/Kevlar, carbon/glass, carbon/glass/Kevlar," Aerosp Sci Technol, vol. 133, p. 108105, Feb. 2023,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2023.108105 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2023.108105
E. Massarwa, I. Emami Tabrizi, and M. Yildiz, "Mechanical behavior and failure of glass/carbon fiber hybrid composites: Multiscale computational predictions validated by experiments," Compos Struct, vol. 260, p. 113499, Mar. 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2020.113499 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2020.113499
A. Wang, X. Liu, Q. Yue, and G. Xian, "Tensile properties hybrid effect of unidirectional flax/carbon fiber hybrid reinforced polymer composites," Journal of Materials Research and Technology, vol. 24, pp. 1373-1389, May 2023, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2023.03.078 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2023.03.078
M. J. Mochane et al., "Recent progress on natural fiber hybrid composites for advanced applications: A review," Express Polym Lett, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 159-198, Feb. 2019, https://doi.org/10.3144/expresspolymlett.2019.15 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3144/expresspolymlett.2019.15
U. Kureemun, M. Ravandi, L. Q. N. Tran, W. S. Teo, T. E. Tay, and H. P. Lee, "Effects of hybridization and hybrid fibre dispersion on the mechanical properties of woven flax-carbon epoxy at low carbon fibre volume fractions," Compos B Eng, vol. 134, pp. 28-38, Feb. 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.09.035 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.09.035
D. Chen, G. Sun, M. Meng, X. Jin, and Q. Li, "Flexural performance and cost efficiency of carbon/basalt/glass hybrid FRP composite laminates," Thin-Walled Structures, vol. 142, pp. 516-531, Sep. 2019, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2019.03.056 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2019.03.056
H. Wang, L. Yang, and H. Wu, "Study on mechanical and thermomechanical properties of flax/glass fiber hybrid-reinforced epoxy composites," Polym Compos, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 714-723, Feb. 2021, https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.25860 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.25860
X. Zou, H. Lin, P. Feng, Y. Bao, and J. Wang, "A review on FRP-concrete hybrid sections for bridge applications," Compos Struct, vol. 262, p. 113336, Apr. 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2020.113336 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2020.113336
S. Navaratnam, K. Selvaranjan, D. Jayasooriya, P. Rajeev, and J. Sanjayan, "Applications of natural and synthetic fiber reinforced polymer in infrastructure: A suitability assessment," Journal of Building Engineering, vol. 66, p. 105835, May 2023,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2023.105835 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2023.105835
H. Auman, C. Stratford, and A. Palermo, "An Overview of Research and Applications of FRP in New Zealand Reinforced Concrete Structures”, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 201-208, Apr. 2020, https://doi.org/10.1080/10168664.2019.1699491 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10168664.2019.1699491
J. Smits, "Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Bridge Design in the Netherlands: Architectural Challenges toward Innovative, Sustainable, and Durable Bridges," Engineering, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 518-527, Dec. 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENG.2016.04.004
G. Hegemier and L. Stewart, "Application of fiber-reinforced polymers to reinforced concrete bridges," Innovative Bridge Design Handbook: Construction, Rehabilitation, and Maintenance, pp. 777-794, Jan. 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-800058-8.00030-X DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-800058-8.00030-X
J. Smits, "Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Bridge Design in the Netherlands: Architectural Challenges toward Innovative, Sustainable, and Durable Bridges," Engineering, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 518-527, Dec. 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENG.2016.04.004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENG.2016.04.004
L. F. Hussein, F. S. Abbas, A. Al-Balhawi, A. S. D. AL-Ridha, and H. H. Hussein, "Investigating the elastic and plastic behavior of I-steel beams by using carbon fiber laminates," Mater Today Proc, vol. 56, pp. 2714-2720, Jan. 2022, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.09.396 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.09.396
L. Yan, J. Zhang, and K. Luo, "Numerical Analysis of Two I-shaped GFRP Composite Bridge with Corrugated Webs," Advances in Civil Engineering, vol. 2021, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8869198 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8869198
A. Siddika, M. A. Al Mamun, W. Ferdous, and R. Alyousef, "Performances, challenges and opportunities in strengthening reinforced concrete structures by using FRPs - A state-of-the-art review," Eng Fail Anal, vol. 111, p. 104480, Apr. 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2020.104480 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2020.104480
W. Chen, T. M. Pham, H. Sichembe, L. Chen, and H. Hao, "Experimental study of flexural behaviour of RC beams strengthened by longitudinal and U-shaped basalt FRP sheet," Compos B Eng, vol. 134, pp. 114-126, Feb. 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.09.053 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.09.053
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Manuel Secundino Delgado, Dariana Ayli Sebastián Cruz, Marcela Muñoz Martínez, Evelyn Estrada Ramírez , Erik Daniel Mauricio Jiménez, Enrique Alcudia Zacarias, Juan Antonio Paz González , Mauricio Leonel Paz González , Juan Antonio Ruíz Ochoa
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The authors who publish in this journal accept the following conditions:
The authors retain the copyright and assign to the journal the right of the first publication, with the work registered with the Creative Commons Attribution license 4.0, which allows third parties to use what is published as long as they mention the authorship of the work and the first publication in this magazine.
Authors may make other independent and additional contractual agreements for the non-exclusive distribution of the version of the article published in this journal (eg, include it in an institutional repository or publish it in a book) as long as they clearly indicate that the work it was first published in this magazine.
Authors are allowed and encouraged to share their work online (for example: in institutional repositories or personal web pages) before and during the manuscript submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, greater and more quick citation of published work (see The Effect of Open Access).
