REVISTA DE CIENCIAS TECNOLÓGICAS

Metanalysis of the development of artificial intelligence and the internet of things: the transformation of work and life

Mon, 15 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) are changing the way we live and work by enabling seamless technology integration in our daily lives. This study explores the literature on the integration of AI and IoT to create intelligent systems that can autonomously make decisions and perform tasks based on real-time data from connected devices. This paper presents a meta-analysis of the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) in decision-making processes, as well as in Industry 4.0 and 5.0. The study analyzed relevant records from the Web of Science database, evaluating research output, authorship, collaboration, institutional and geographical distribution, and impact. The results indicate that China has the highest number of total publications and total citations, followed by the USA and India. The study offers valuable insights into the scientific and technological advancements of various regions, their level of international collaboration, and their impact on the field of AI-IoT. The trend of publications indicates that Computer Science, Engineering, and Telecommunications are prominent and steadily growing fields. However, there has been a recent emergence and increase in Chemistry, Instruments & Instrumentation, and Material Science, which are contributing to the development of AI-IoT.

Review of non-destructive methods for the evaluation of resistance spot welding in the automotive industry

Fri, 19 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Resistance spot welding is a common technique in the manufacturing industry, especially in the automotive sector in Mexico, due to its versatility and ease of implementation. The evaluation of the quality of these welds is crucial, and there are multiple methods for this, making the choice of the most suitable one complicated. This article presents a literature review focused on non-destructive methods for confirming the quality of resistance spot welding. Techniques such as ultrasonic inspection, infrared thermography, and computer vision, among others, are highlighted. The methodology employed includes a comparative analysis of recent studies to identify the best practices and applications in the quality assessment of spot welding. The results of this review provide a comprehensive guide for researchers and professionals, facilitating the selection of appropriate methods for specific applications.

Biomaterials based on mycelium: biotabique prototype from the Bajío region of Mexico

Fri, 19 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Mycelium-based biomaterials are the result of cultivating fungi in organic materials, such as agricultural waste. This presents a promising alternative for developing new materials. Our study focuses on developing biobrick using mycelium prototypes and agricultural organic waste, specifically straw from crops in León, Guanajuato. We found that factors like light, humidity, and temperature conditions can influence the development of the biomaterial. Additionally, the drying process of the biomaterial, also be taken into consideration.

Mathematical analysis of the pulse coincidence process for applications on frequency sensors after the use of variable references

Thu, 08 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0000

In most cases, sensors are the means that enable a computer to get information from a process of interest. This requires that the information generated by the sensor can be processed by the computer in a timely manner. However, if accurate data from the sensor is required, an appropriate transduction process is required. There are sensors that generate a frequency-domain output. Since these sensors typically have a short response time, it is required to get the best approximation to their frequency within the shortest time possible. There are different methods for obtaining the frequency value generated by the sensor. Although such methods can be applied, their functioning characteristics are not suitable for application in sensors. The principle of rational approximations is a method that has proven plenty of improvements in comparison to other frequency measurement methods. In this work, the functioning of the principle of rational approximations is explored when different time references are used. After the computational analysis of the principle of rational approximations, it was found out how the reference frequency value affects the measurement process. It was found that if the magnitude of reference and unknown frequencies have an increment in their difference, then the relative error decreases.

Automatic method for collecting and monitoring fault codes in industrial processes guided by microcontrollers.

Juan Pedro Ramos Luna, Francisco Javier Ibarra Villegas, Cain Pérez Wences — Sat, 28 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This work presents the proposal of an automatic method for monitoring fault codes of industrial processes, as well as its real implementation in a production line made up of 5 different processes. For the implementation, some industry 4.0 techniques were taken as a basis, such as Big Data, Industrial Networks, Manufacturing Execution Systems and Cloud Computing, integrating them into a system capable of collecting information in real time and focused on a automatic failure monitoring of the process in which it is implemented. A method is presented that consists of 12 specific steps, defined and applicable to a system of microcontrollers that guide processes where it is necessary to track the fault codes of the same process, and which are connected by some means of communication to share information. In the implementation of the method in a real case, you can see how to adapt it to manufacturing processes with great accuracy. This implementation was carried out in a serial production line made up of 5 processes dependent on each other where each process has its own controller and its own fault codes. The results of the implementation made visible the causes of the large number of process stoppages and the data returned by the system helped make important decisions to allocate resources efficiently in order to reduce the time lost due to machinery failures. It was also possible to locate the processes with the most problems in the last period, which made it possible to identify an area of opportunity to increase the productivity of the monitored process.

Determination of the hygroexpansion properties of wood-based composite panels

Javier Ramon Sotomayor Castellanos, Isarael Macedo Alquicira — Tue, 09 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Wood panels expand when exposed to moisture in service conditions. Consequently, their performance as an engineering material is impoverished and results in repair and/or replacement costs. The objective of the research was to determine the densities and hygroexpansions of plywood, strandboard, medium density and oriented strandboard. The same parameters were evaluated on a control group of Pinus pseudostrobus solid wood. Thirty-five randomly selected specimens were prepared from each material. Hygroscopy tests were performed with a protocol of humidification and drying of the experimental material. The hygroexpansions of plywood, strandboard, medium density and oriented strandboard are different compared to the hygroexpansion of P. pseudostrobus solid wood. Wood and wood-based panels exhibit hygroscopic character, which results in dimensional variation if their moisture content is changed. The magnitudes of the hygroexpansions of the four boards studied are greater than that of solid wood of P. pseudostrobus.

Implementation of IoT technologies to reduce energy consumption in smart offices by controlling lighting

Fabian Peña de Loza, Francisco Javier Ibarra Villegas — Fri, 16 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0000

According to a 2017 IEA report, energy consumption in buildings accounts for approximately one-third of the total energy consumption worldwide. Additionally, lighting represents 19% of electricity consumption globally. Given these data, there is a need to implement a solution to reduce these energy consumptions. One way to achieve this is by implementing devices that can turn work areas into smart spaces. The objective of this project is to implement a smart office by monitoring and controlling the energy consumption of electrical devices through IoT technologies, achieving significant energy savings while providing comfort to the office personnel. To achieve this, various sensors were installed, including door sensors to detect their state (open or closed), presence sensors (to determine if there are people in specific areas), and actuators. Based on the signals transmitted by these installed sensors scenes were created to enable automatic control of lighting. The central controller used for this purpose was the Raspberry Pi 4, and the Node-Red tool was integrated to establish communication between IoT devices. Node-Red is a flow-based development tool for visual programming that allows the connection of hardware devices, APIs, and online services. This tool facilitated the integration of different sensors and brands, and the programming of different scenes to achieve automatic energy savings. Furthermore, communication was established with a cloud to monitor and control the implemented system remotely, using the MQTT communication protocol. MQTT is a data transmission protocol designed for machine-to-machine data transition. A message broker server receives transmissions from devices that "publish" information on specific "topics" and subsequently delivers those messages to other machines that "subscribe" to those specific "topics." The HiveMQ services were used for this purpose, enabling the connection of up to 100 devices for free. The result of the project is a system that can be controlled remotely, and due to the implemented technologies, has generated energy savings of 6.1%. This saving reduces operational costs and supports the office´s sustainability goals. Additionally, the system provides comfort for the people working in the office. It is worth mentioning that this project is scalable, meaning that as the office expands its facilities, the system can be modified to add the necessary sensors and actuators to control the expansion effectively.

Processing of blast furnace collector dusts for their utilization in the steel industry

Wed, 10 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The production of pig iron involves the generation of by-products such as collector dusts, which are attractive due to their Fe content. However, they cannot be directly reused because of their high content of Zn and alkalis. Therefore, this research aims to explore their utilization through acid leaching. To achieve this, a sample was processed through grinding (1h) and low-intensity magnetic separation, and then the effect of hydrochloric acid as a leaching agent was evaluated at each stage of the process (0.10, 0.25, 0.50 and 1.0M HCl). Furthermore, the effect of temperature was analyzed for the system with 1M HCl. The results indicate that working with systems with high HCl concentration in both fresh and ground material made it possible to dissolve up to 65% Zn content in the initial sample (with 38.8% Fe). On the other hand, leaching the magnetically treated dusts achieved Zn solutions of 56% and 65% for 1 and 2 cleaning cycles, respectively. Regarding the Fe content, an increase was observed compared to the initial content, reaching from 53.8% to 59% Fe (making its processing feasible). Furthermore, as the temperature increased, the leaching of Zn was privileged, reaching up to 74% dissolution at 85°C. In the case of Na₂O, P, and K₂O dissolution, an increase in working temperature accelerated the dissolution kinetics. However, in the case of Fe, an increase in working temperature led to a decrease in its concentration. Lastly, thermodynamic analysis determined the ∆G° values of the reactions, indicating their spontaneity, i.e., they occur without the need of applied energy. In conclusion, it was possible to compare the effect of leaching systems at each stage of processing. At room temperature, leaching of the untreated dust achieved up to 65% Zn dissolution with 38.8% Fe, and after 2 rounds of magnetic cleaning, a dissolution of 65% Zn with a 61.4% Fe content is attained. By increasing the temperature, most of the reactions involved in the leaching process are catalyzed, especially the zinc dissolution (up to 74%). The feasibility of the involved reactions can be supported through thermodynamics.

Design, construction and control of a novel ankle rehabilitation device

Sat, 10 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0000

A novel two-degree-of-freedom ankle rehabilitation device was designed and simulated in this work. The device was designed based on both the anthropometric measurements of the Mexican population and the natural kinematics of the ankle joint during walking; therefore, allows reproducing the dorsiflexion - plantarflexion and eversion - inversion movements. The virtual prototype of the ankle rehabilitator was simulated in MSC Adams® to determine the dynamic response by implementing Proportional - Integral control techniques for each movement. The simulation results show that the prototype achieves a maximum and minimum range of motion that precisely matches the anthropometric parameters of the ankle. This behaviour is observed by maintaining the motors operating at a constant speed, which is crucial to ensure stability and accuracy in the performance of the device. The rehabilitator, driven by two geared motors driving four-bar mechanisms, allows simple movements, as well as dorsi/plantarflexion and inversion/eversion combinations to be performed simultaneously.

Dispenser prototype for sales optimization in different sectors

Mon, 22 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The purpose of this work is to create a prototype of an automated system for the dispensing of various products, such as seeds, cereals, nails, screws, among others, with the objective of benefiting both the consumer and the supplier. A dispensing machine will be used that will use automation and dosing to provide an efficient service. In addition, it seeks to reduce direct contact between the customer and the vendor, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, where the exchange of currency has been identified as a means of contagion [1]. It is important to note that the most appropriate methodological approach for this project is quantitative, as it focuses on collecting essential data for more effective analysis and development. Also, the dispenser will not be limited to a single type of product, but will be versatile and adaptable for use in different industries, allowing its operation 24 hours a day. For the development of this prototype, the proposed materials are MDF and acrylic, together with 3D printing and the use of SolidWorks software, the Wokwi platform for the simulation of the system and its components, hardware and software that will allow the operation of dosing, product selection and charging. In addition, the Arduino IDE will be used for the programming and the code in the ESP32 microcontroller, which will help the prototype to be beneficial in terms of the relationship between the system and the customer.

Integrated management system ISO 9001:2015, ISO 17020:2012 and ISO 17025:2017 for hydrocarbon compliance

María Guadalupe Aboytes Pérez, Andrea Berenice García Celestin — Sat, 13 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This article discusses the key steps for the integration of the international standards ISO 9001:2015 (Quality management systems - Requirements), ISO 17020:2012 (Conformity assessment. Requirements for the operation of various types of bodies performing inspections) and ISO 17025:2017 (General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories) focused on conformity assessment bodies such as inspection unit and calibration laboratory in Mexico that addresses the needs of the hydrocarbon sector, with the purpose of homologating the processes for the conformation of an Integrated Management System (IMS) that meets the requirements of the standards in question; such methodology basically consists of 4 stages, which are: Analysis and identification of similar and divergent requirements, commitment of top management, identification of stakeholders and development of an integration framework; This integration methodology was carried out because the calibration laboratories and inspection units that offer services to the hydrocarbon sector require an integral and adapted approach due to their commitment with quality and regulatory compliance. Therefore, it is concluded that by applying the methodology, the integration of the international standards of interest was correctly achieved, thus obtaining the traceability of the processes, which will increase the operational efficiency of the agencies before the services offered to the hydrocarbon sector in the value chain (Upstream, Midstream, and Downstream).