Simulation of a micro-evaporator for a single horizontal 1-mm circular micro-tube
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37636/recit.v6n2e250Palabras clave:
Micro-evaporador, Flujo en ebullición, Simulación numérica, Flujo de líquido sub-enfriado, Flujo bifásico.Resumen
El flujo en ebullición dentro de micro-canales es una buena opción para el enfriamiento de dispositivos electrónicos. Las simulaciones numéricas permiten diseñar correctamente antes de la manufactura. En este artículo, los resultados de una simulación uni-dimensional, en estado estacionario, son presentados para un tubo horizontal circular de 1 mm. Mientras el fluido fluye, se distinguen dos regiones: flujo de líquido sub-enfriado y flujo bifásico. Ecuaciones y correlaciones típicas han sido utilizadas para el flujo de líquido sub-enfriado; mientras que un modelo teórico ha sido utilizado para el flujo bifásico. Los resultados aquí presentados son aquellos utilizando perfluorohexano, el cual es utilizado en la formulación del FC-72, un refrigerante para el enfriamiento de dispositivos electrónicos. Para el rango de los parámetros aquí probados, se obtienen las siguientes conclusiones: i) desde el punto de vista de la selección de la bomba, el nivel más alto de sub-enfriamiento y de presión de ingreso serían preferidos; ii) para evitar la condición de flujo de calor crítico, la más baja presión de ingreso sería preferida; iii) hay una contradicción en la selección de la presión de ingreso correcta porque es opuesta desde el punto de vista de la selección de la bomba y de la condición de flujo de calor crítico.
Descargas
Citas
S. Szczukiewicz, M. Magnini, and J. R. Thome, “Proposed models, ongoing experiments, and latest numerical simulations of microchannel two-phase flow boiling,” Int. J. Multiph. Flow, vol. 59, pp. 84-101, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2013.10.014 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2013.10.014
C. B. Tibiriçá and G. Ribatski, “Flow boiling in micro-scale channels - Synthesized literature review,” Int. J. Refrig., vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 301-324, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2012.11.019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2012.11.019
A. Mukherjee and S. G. Kandlikar, “Numerical simulation of growth of a vapor bubble during flow boiling of water in a microchannel,” Microfluid. Nanofluid., vol. 1, pp. 137-145, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10404-004-0021-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10404-004-0021-8
R. Zhuan and W. Wang, “Simulation of subcooled flow boiling in a micro-channel,” Int. J. Refrig., vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 781-795, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2010.12.004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2010.12.004
R. Zhuan and W. Wang, “Flow pattern of boiling in micro-channel by numerical simulation,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, vol. 55, no. 5-6, pp. 1741-1753, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2011.11.029 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2011.11.029
M. Magnini, B. Pulvirenti, and J. R. Thome, “Numerical investigation of hydrodynamics and heat transfer of elongated bubbles during flow boiling in a microchannel,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, vol. 59, pp. 451-471, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2012.12.010 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2012.12.010
M. Magnini, B. Pulvirenti, and J. R. Thome, “Numerical investigation of the influence of leading and sequential bubbles on slug flow boiling within a microchannel,” Int. J. Therm. Sci., vol. 71, pp. 36-52, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2013.04.018 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2013.04.018
M. Magnini and J. R. Thome, “Computational study of saturated flow boiling within a microchannel in the slug flow regime,” ASME J. Heat Transfer, vol. 138, no. 2, pp. 021502, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4031234 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4031234
Z. Guo, D. F. Feltcher, and B. S. Haynes, “A review of computational modelling of flow boiling in microchannels,” J. Comput. Multiphase Flows, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 79-110, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1260/1757-482X.6.2.79 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1260/1757-482X.6.2.79
L. Cheng and J. R. Thome, “Cooling of microprocessors using flow boiling of CO2 in a micro-evaporator: Preliminary analysis and performance comparison,” Appl. Therm. Eng., vol. 29, no. 11-12, pp. 2426-2432, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2008.12.019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2008.12.019
U. Imke, “Porous media simplified simulation of single- and two-phase flow heat transfer in micro-channel heat exchangers,” Chem. Eng. J., vol. 101, no. 1-3, pp. 295-302, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2003.10.012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2003.10.012
M. Ghajar and J. Darabi, “Numerical modeling of evaporator surface temperature of a micro loop heat pipe at steady-state condition,” J. Micromech. Microeng. , vol. 15, no. 10, pp. 1963-1971, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1088/0960-1317/15/10/024 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/0960-1317/15/10/024
M. Magnini and O. K. Matar, “Optimizing the design of micro-evaporators via numerical simulations,” presented at the 16th UK Heat Transfer Conference, pp. 163-168, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4765-6_30 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4765-6_30
L. Cheng, G. Xia, and J. R. Thome, “Flow boiling heat transfer and two-phase flow phenomena of CO2 in macro- and micro-channel evaporators: Fundamentals, applications and engineering design,” Appl. Therm. Eng., vol. 195, pp. 117070, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2021.117070 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2021.117070
J. B. Marcinichen and J. R. Thome, “New novel green computer two-phase cooling cycle: A model for its steady-state simulation,” in Proc. of the 23rd Int. Conf. on Efficiency, Cost, Optimization, Simulation and Environmental Impact of Energy Systems-ECOS2010, Lausanne, Switzerland 2010.
S. Yildiz, “Design and simulation of a vapor compression refrigeration cycle for a micro refrigerator,” M.S. thesis. Graduate School of Natural and Appl. Sci. of Middle East Tech. Univ., 2010. [Online]. Available: https://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612133/index.pdf
T. G. Karayiannis and M. M. Mahmoud, “Flow boiling in microchannels: Fundamentals and applications,” Appl. Therm. Eng., vol. 115 pp. 1372-1397, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.08.063 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.08.063
M. H. Oudah, M. K. Mejbel, and M. K. Allawi, “R134a flow boiling heat transfer (FBHT) characteristics in a refrigeration system,” J. Mech. Eng. Res. Dev., vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 69-83, 2021.
D. Lorenzini and Y. Joshi, “Numerical modeling and experimental validation of two-phase microfluidic cooling in silicon devices for vertical integration of microelectronics,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, vol. 138, pp. 194-207, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.04.036 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.04.036
C. Keepaiboon, A.S. Dalkilic, O. Mahian, H.S. Ahn, S. Wongwises, P.K. Mondal, and M.S. Shadloo, “Two-phase flow boiling in a microfluidic channel at high mass flux,” Phys. Fluids, vol. 32, no. 9, 093309, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0023758 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0023758
S. Jain, P. Jayaramu, and S. Gedupudi, “Modeling of pressure drop and heat transfer for flow boiling in a mini/micro-channel of rectangular cross-section,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, vol. 140, pp. 1029-1054, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.05.089 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.05.089
X. Yuan, P. Zhao, J. Huang, J. Wu, D. Zhou, R. Wang, J. Hu, and B. Qu, “Simulation research on flow boiling and heat transfer of micro-channel for electronic cooling,” J. Phys. Conf. Ser., vol. 2224, 2021. https://doi.org/ 10.1088/1742-6596/2224/1/012052 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2224/1/012052
Majumdar, C. Ursachi, A. LeClair, and J. Hartwig, “Numerical modeling of boiling in a heated tube,” presented at the Space Cryogenic Workshop, Southbury, CT, 2019.
J.H. Son and I.S. Park, “Numerical simulation of phase-change heat transfer problems using heat fluxes on phase interface reconstructed by contour-based reconstruction algorithm,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, vol. 156, 119894, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2020.119894 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2020.119894
Y.F. Wang and J.T. Wu, “Thermal performance predictions for an HFE-7000 direct flow boiling cooled battery thermal management system for electric vehicles,” Energy Convers. Manage., vol. 207, 112569, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2020.112569 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2020.112569
L. Zhou, Z. G. Qu, G. Chen, J. Y. Huang, and J. Y. Miao, “One-dimensional numerical study for loop heat pipe with two-phase heat leak model,” Int. J. Therm. Sci., vol. 137, pp. 467-481, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2018.12.019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2018.12.019
A. Bard, Y. Qiu, C. R. Kharangate, and R. French, “Consolidated modeling and prediction of heat transfer coefficients for saturated flow boiling in mini/micro-channels using machine learning methods,” Appl. Therm. Eng., vol. 210, 118305, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2022.118305 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2022.118305
M. A. Moradkhani, S. H. Hosseini, P. Morshedi, M. Rahimi, and S. Mengjie, “Saturated flow boiling inside conventional and mini/micro channels: A new general model for frictional pressure drop using genetic programming,” Int. J. Refrig., vol. 132, pp. 197-212, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2021.09.022 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2021.09.022
Y. Dai, N. Zhang, S. Tian, and H. Du, “Numerical study of flow boiling heat transfer of propane in a horizontal smooth copper tube,” Heat Transfer Res., vol. 51, no. 18, pp. 1653-1667, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1615/HeatTransRes.2020034503 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1615/HeatTransRes.2020034503
M. V. Sardeshpande and V. V. Ranade, “Two-phase flow boiling in small channels: A brief review,” Sadhana, vol. 38, pp. 1083-1126, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12046-013-0192-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12046-013-0192-7
N. Kattan, J. R. Thome, and D. Favrat, “Flow boiling in horizontal tubes: Part 1-Development of a diabatic two-phase flow pattern map,” ASME J. Heat Transfer, vol. 120, no. 1, pp. 140-147, 1998. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2830037 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2830037
S. Kandlikar, S. Garimella, D. Li, S. Colin, and M. R. King, Heat transfer and fluid flow in minichannels and microchannels. Kidlington, Oxford, UK: Elsevier Ltd, 2006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-008044527-4/50007-4
P. A. Kew and K. Cornwell, “Correlations for the prediction of boiling heat transfer in small-diameter channels,” Appl. Therm. Eng., vol. 17, no. 8-10, pp. 705-715, 1997. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-4311(96)00071-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-4311(96)00071-3
R. K. Shah and A. L. London, Laminar flow forced convection in ducts. New York: Elsevier Inc., 1978.
R. W. Hornbeck, “Laminar flow in the entrance region of a pipe,” Appl. Sci. Res., vol. 13, pp. 224-232, 1964. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00382049 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00382049
R. Revellin and J. R. Thome, “A theoretical model for the prediction of the critical heat flux in heated microchannels,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, vol. 51, no. 5-6, pp. 1216-1225, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2007.03.002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2007.03.002
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Categorías
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2023 César Manuel Valencia-Castillo, Giuseppe Zummo, Luca Saraceno, Felipe Noh-Pat, Pedro Cruz-Alcántar
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
Los autores/as que publiquen en esta revista aceptan las siguientes condiciones:
- Los autores/as conservan los derechos de autor y ceden a la revista el derecho de la primera publicación, con el trabajo registrado con la licencia de atribución de Creative Commons 4.0, que permite a terceros utilizar lo publicado siempre que mencionen la autoría del trabajo y a la primera publicación en esta revista.
- Los autores/as pueden realizar otros acuerdos contractuales independientes y adicionales para la distribución no exclusiva de la versión del artículo publicado en esta revista (p. ej., incluirlo en un repositorio institucional o publicarlo en un libro) siempre que indiquen claramente que el trabajo se publicó por primera vez en esta revista.
- Se permite y recomienda a los autores/as a compartir su trabajo en línea (por ejemplo: en repositorios institucionales o páginas web personales) antes y durante el proceso de envío del manuscrito, ya que puede conducir a intercambios productivos, a una mayor y más rápida citación del trabajo publicado (vea The Effect of Open Access).
