Revisión comparativa de ejercicios de rehabilitación para la zona lumbar en personas con padecimientos del sistema musculoesquelético
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37636/recit.v8n4e425Palabras clave:
Zona lumbar, Prescripción del ejercicio, Rehabilitación, Reproducibilidad, EstandarizaciónResumen
En este artículo se presenta una revisión de investigaciones sobre rutinas de ejercicio enfocadas en el fortalecimiento y la rehabilitación de la zona lumbar en personas con padecimientos del sistema musculoesquelético. El objetivo principal fue evaluar la claridad y calidad metodológica con que se reporta la prescripción del ejercicio, considerando siete parámetros clave: especificidad, frecuencia, intensidad, duración, modo, descanso y número de series. Para ello, se analizó en cada estudio si dichos parámetros estaban incluidos en su metodología; además, se revisaron los métodos empleados para medir los efectos de las rutinas, la forma de reportar los resultados y la presencia de patrones comunes que permitieran su clasificación. Entre los hallazgos destaca que la frecuencia y duración fueron las variables más consistentemente reportadas, con prescripciones de 2 a 3 sesiones por semana y programas de entre 4 y 12 semanas de intervención. Sin embargo, las metodologías de análisis mostraron una notable heterogeneidad y ausencia de estandarización, lo cual dificulta la reproducibilidad y comparabilidad entre estudios. En consecuencia, este trabajo propone una guía unificada para la descripción de rutinas, así como el uso de recursos gráficos que contribuyan a mejorar la claridad metodológica y la replicabilidad en futuras investigaciones.
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