Transformación metalúrgica con combustibles residuales: Un caso de eficiencia energética
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37636/recit.v9n4e475Palabras clave:
Combustibles residuales, Eficiencia energética, Sistemas de transformación, Desperdicio de energía, CFDResumen
En la industria metalúrgica, el uso de combustibles fósiles genera altos costos operativos y emisiones contaminantes. Paralelamente, residuos líquidos como aceites usados, por su alta viscosidad, suelen ser desechados sin valorización energética. El objetivo de este estudio fue implementar un sistema de combustión para procesos de manufactura que utilice combustibles residuales caracterizados, garantizando eficiencia térmica, reducción de emisiones y viabilidad económica. La metodología incluyó: caracterización fisicoquímica del combustible residual (viscosidad, poder calorífico, composición química), diseño e integración de un sistema de inyección adaptado a combustibles viscosos, simulación CFD del flujo y la combustión, y pruebas piloto en líneas de producción evaluando temperatura, consumo y emisiones. Los resultados mostraron combustión estable del combustible residual, alcanzando temperaturas óptimas (850–1,050 °C) para procesos metalúrgicos no ferrosos. Se logró una reducción del 62–80% en costos energéticos y una disminución significativa de emisiones de CO₂ y partículas. El sistema demostró ser económicamente viable, adaptable y escalable. Se concluye que el aprovechamiento de combustibles residuales es una alternativa que contribuye a la sostenibilidad industrial, reduciendo costos y minimizando impactos ambientales.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Martha Angélica Cano-Figueroa, Hugo Arcos-Gutiérrez, Víctor Hugo Mercado-Lemus, José Antonio Betancourt-Cantera, Marco Antonio Márquez-Vera
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