Polysaccharide evaluation in flocculation mediated via polyelectrolyte complex
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37636/recit.v6n2e247Palabras clave:
Polisacárido, Floculación, Complejo de polielectrolito, Tratamiento de aguasResumen
El agua es un recurso cada vez más valioso porque su disponibilidad, principalmente, se limita a la precipitación y al almacenamiento de agua; por esa razón, el aumento de la densidad de población y el cambio climático pueden interferir con la accesibilidad al agua. Las actividades urbanas e industriales pueden producir aguas residuales y contaminar cuerpos de agua que podrían representar una fuente importante de agua; sin embargo, necesita ser tratado antes de su uso. La floculación es un importante método de eliminación de contaminantes para reducir una variedad de moléculas orgánicas e inorgánicas de las aguas residuales, utilizando las cargas intrínsecas del floculante para estabilizarlas/precipitarlas, por diferentes métodos, uno de ellos a través de un complejo polielectrolítico. La versatilidad de los floculantes depende de su capacidad para remover contaminantes y existen floculantes comerciales con eficiencias notables. Sin embargo, su toxicidad puede limitar su uso en cuerpos de agua o para uso humano anterior. Las investigaciones muestran que los polisacáridos son excelentes opciones como floculantes debido a su conformación de fácil carga y alto peso molecular para neutralizar contaminantes y precipitar flóculos, son biocompatibles, biodegradables y fáciles de modificar para modular la interacción floculante debido a la alta densidad del grupo funcional. Esta revisión explora las últimas investigaciones sobre la floculación de polielectrolitos de polisacáridos y sus derivados y su capacidad de remoción de contaminantes, los polisacáridos evaluados fueron los más investigados como quitosano, celulosa, quitina, alginato, gomas, dextrano, entre otros. Las tendencias de investigación recientes sobre la capacidad de floculación de estos polisacáridos mostraron resultados prometedores (hasta un 99% de eficiencia de remoción) con una amplia variedad de contaminantes, lo que los convierte en excelentes candidatos para su aplicación en la floculación verde.
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- Los autores/as conservan los derechos de autor y ceden a la revista el derecho de la primera publicación, con el trabajo registrado con la licencia de atribución de Creative Commons 4.0, que permite a terceros utilizar lo publicado siempre que mencionen la autoría del trabajo y a la primera publicación en esta revista.
- Los autores/as pueden realizar otros acuerdos contractuales independientes y adicionales para la distribución no exclusiva de la versión del artículo publicado en esta revista (p. ej., incluirlo en un repositorio institucional o publicarlo en un libro) siempre que indiquen claramente que el trabajo se publicó por primera vez en esta revista.
- Se permite y recomienda a los autores/as a compartir su trabajo en línea (por ejemplo: en repositorios institucionales o páginas web personales) antes y durante el proceso de envío del manuscrito, ya que puede conducir a intercambios productivos, a una mayor y más rápida citación del trabajo publicado (vea The Effect of Open Access).
