Ataques inalámbricos contra drones comerciales: un estudio de mapeo sistemático
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37636/recit.v9n2e444Palabras clave:
Ataques inalámbricos, Drones, Vulnerabilidades, Mitigación, Ciberseguridad, Mapeo sistemáticoResumen
El presente trabajo recopila los ciberataques inalámbricos ejecutados de forma experimental en contra de drones. Se centró en tres puntos del análisis, comenzando por los tipos de ataque, seguido de sus vulnerabilidades y finalizando con las medidas de mitigación propuestas. Delimitándose a estudios que van del 2020 al 2024. Siguiendo la metodología se aplicó la cadena de búsqueda en las bases de datos de Scopus y IEEE Xplore. En un primer barrido se obtuvieron 6,860 artículos, y después de aplicar nuestros criterios de inclusión y exclusión se seleccionaron 28 artículos, que guiaron todo el análisis de la presente investigación. Los ataques más comunes que se encontraron fueron el spoofing y jamming. Estos ataques aprovechan la dependencia de la Señal Global de Navegación por Satélite (GNSS), y además, la falta de un sistema de autenticación robusto. Dentro de las vulnerabilidades encontradas está la ausencia de un sistema de detección de intrusiones (IDS) como también debilidades en la encriptación. En la literatura se propusieron medidas de mitigación como el uso de técnicas de anti-interferencias (DSSS y FHSS), validación cruzada de señales, IDS, y contar con autenticación fuerte. Se concluyó que hace falta utilizar políticas de regulación estrictas que mejoren la ciberseguridad en drones. También se deben validar estos tipos de ataques en drones de alta gama.
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Derechos de autor 2026 William-Rogelio Marchand-Niño, Brayan Pajuelo-Martin
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