Influencia de la estructura del tejido textil en las propiedades mecánicas a tensión de compuestos híbridos de fibras de carbono/vidrio

Fernando Espinosa Rosas; Enrique  Alcudia Zacarias; María del Carmen Acuña Olivos; Daniel  Romero Vergara; Fernanda De Jesús-Ramírez; Sandra Yaraset  Vara Salas; Luis Alberto Orihuela Martinez

doi:10.37636/recit.v9n3e467

Authors

Fernando Espinosa Rosas Centro Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico (CENIDET), Interior del Internado Palmira S/N, Colonia Palmira, C.P. 62490, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4206-1328

Competing Interests

No conflict of interest declared.
Enrique Alcudia Zacarias Centro Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico (CENIDET), Interior del Internado Palmira S/N, Colonia Palmira, C.P. 62490, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6206-573X

Competing Interests

.No conflict of interest declared.
María del Carmen Acuña Olivos Centro Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico (CENIDET), Interior del Internado Palmira S/N, Colonia Palmira, C.P. 62490, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9358-6815

Competing Interests

.No conflict of interest declared.
Daniel Romero Vergara Centro Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico (CENIDET), Interior del Internado Palmira S/N, Colonia Palmira, C.P. 62490, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3569-5193

Competing Interests

.No conflict of interest declared.
Fernanda De Jesús-Ramírez Centro Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico (CENIDET), Interior del Internado Palmira S/N, Colonia Palmira, C.P. 62490, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0189-156X

Competing Interests

.No conflict of interest declared.
Sandra Yaraset Vara Salas Centro Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico (CENIDET), Interior del Internado Palmira S/N, Colonia Palmira, C.P. 62490, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5609-2467

Competing Interests

.No conflict of interest declared.
Luis Alberto Orihuela Martinez Centro Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico (CENIDET), Interior del Internado Palmira S/N, Colonia Palmira, C.P. 62490, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8328-1734

Competing Interests

.No conflict of interest declared.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37636/recit.v9n3e467

Keywords:

Composite material, Hybridization, Textile structure

Abstract

This work presents an experimental study on the influence of textile weave architecture on the tensile mechanical properties of carbon/glass hybrid composites. The selected weaves were plain, twill, and satin, with carbon fiber oriented at 0° in the warp direction and glass fiber oriented at 90° in the weft direction. The laminates were manufactured by resin infusion, obtaining a total fiber content of 57 %. The specimens were prepared according to the ASTM D3039 standard, and the tensile tests were carried out using a Shimadzu AG-Xplus 100 kN universal testing machine. Ultimate tensile strength, elastic modulus, and elongation at break were evaluated. The results showed that the textile weave architecture influences the mechanical performance of the hybrid composites. The plain weave exhibited the best tensile behavior, with an ultimate tensile strength of 221 ± 33 MPa and an elastic modulus of 11.7 ± 0.89 GPa. A one-way ANOVA statistical analysis indicated that there were no significant differences in Young’s modulus among the evaluated weaves; however, significant differences were found in the maximum stress, confirming that the weave pattern influences the ultimate tensile strength of the composite material. In conclusion, carbon/glass hybrid composites represent an alternative to conventional materials, since the incorporation of glass fiber allows the laminate cost to be reduced without eliminating the mechanical advantages provided by carbon fiber. Furthermore, the textile weave architecture influences stress distribution and damage mechanisms during failure.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

[1] W. Wu, “Tensile failure behaviors and theories of carbon/glass hybrid interlayer and intralayer composites,” Coatings, vol. 13, no. 4, Art. no. 774, 2023, doi: 10.3390/coatings13040774.

[2] H. Tewani, J. Cyvas, K. Perez, and P. Prabhakar, “Arχi-Textile composites: Role of weave architecture on mode-I fracture energy in woven composites,” Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, vol. 188, Art. no. 108499, 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2024.108499.

[3] K. C. Nagaraja, S. Rajanna, G. S. Prakash, P. G. Koppad, and M. Alipour, “Studying the effect of different carbon and glass fabric stacking sequence on mechanical properties of epoxy hybrid composite laminates,” Composites Communications, vol. 21, Art. no. 100425, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.coco.2020.100425.

[4] K. Kumar, Y. K. Mishra, J. Kumar, V. R. Pannase, A. B. Dhumne, V. L. Bhambere, et al., “Exploration of stacking effects of carbon/glass fabric in polymer hybrid composites: Analysis of mechanical properties,” Discover Applied Sciences, vol. 6, Art. no. 636, 2024, doi: 10.1007/s42452-024-06348-5.

[5] Y. Zhou, Z. Lu, and Z. Yang, “Progressive damage analysis and strength prediction of 2D plain weave composites,” Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 47, pp. 220–229, 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2012.10.026.

[6] P. Ma and Z. Gao, “A review on the impact tension behaviors of textile structural composites,” Journal of Industrial Textiles, vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 572–604, 2015, doi: 10.1177/1528083713503001.

[7] J. Gong, N. Saeed, X. Huang, W. Tian, L. Li, and J. Song, “Influences of fiber volume content on the mechanical properties of 2D plain carbon-fiber woven composite materials,” Polymers, vol. 16, no. 1, Art. no. 108, 2024, doi: 10.3390/polym16010108.

[8] K. R. Hart, P. X. L. Chia, L. E. Sheridan, E. D. Wetzel, N. R. Sottos, and S. R. White, “Mechanisms and characterization of impact damage in 2D and 3D woven fiber-reinforced composites,” Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, vol. 101, pp. 432–443, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2017.07.004.

[9] D. P. C. Aiman, M. F. Yahya, and J. Salleh, “Impact properties of 2D and 3D woven composites: A review,” in AIP Conference Proceedings, 2016, doi: 10.1063/1.4965050.

[10] F. Chen and J. M. Hodgkinson, “Impact behaviour of composites with different fibre architecture,” Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng., Part G: J. Aerosp. Eng., vol. 223, no. 7, pp. 1009–1017, 2009, doi: 10.1243/09544100JAERO451.

[11] M. Y. Khalid, A. Al Rashid, Z. U. Arif, N. Akram, H. Arshad, and F. P. G. Márquez, “Characterization of failure strain in fiber reinforced composites: Under on-axis and off-axis loading,” Crystals, vol. 11, no. 2, Art. no. 216, 2021, doi: 10.3390/cryst11020216.

[12] C. Winkelmann, S. S. Kim, and V. La Saponara, “Design and development of hybrid composite bistable structures for energy absorption under quasi-static tensile loading,” Composite Structures, vol. 93, no. 1, pp. 171–178, 2011, doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2010.06.002.

[13] T. Bergmann, S. Heimbs, and M. Maier, “Mechanical properties and energy absorption capability of woven fabric composites under ±45° off-axis tension,” Composite Structures, vol. 125, pp. 362–373, 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2015.01.040.

[14] W. Wu, Q. Wang, and W. Li, “Comparison of tensile and compressive properties of carbon/glass interlayer and intralayer hybrid composites,” Materials, vol. 11, no. 7, Art. no. 1105, 2018, doi: 10.3390/ma11071105.

[15] G. Zhou, Q. Sun, Z. Meng, D. Li, Y. Peng, D. Zeng, et al., “Experimental investigation on the effects of fabric architectures on mechanical and damage behaviors of carbon/epoxy woven composites,” Composite Structures, vol. 257, Art. no. 113366, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2020.113366.

[16] A. Rogani, P. Navarro, S. Marguet, J.-F. Ferrero, and C. Lanouette, “Tensile post-impact behaviour of thin carbon/epoxy and glass/epoxy hybrid woven laminates—Part I: Experimental study,” Composite Structures, vol. 230, Art. no. 111508, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2019.111508.

[17] R. Murugan, R. Ramesh, K. Padmanabhan, R. Jeyaraam, and S. Krishna, “Experimental investigation on static mechanical properties of glass/carbon hybrid woven fabric composite laminates,” in Advanced Materials Research, vol. 903, pp. 96–101, 2014, doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.903.96.

[18] A. Venkat Ramanan and G. Rajamurugan, “Mechanical properties of hybrid composites with alternately woven carbon/glass fibers on stainless steel wire mesh,” Results in Engineering, vol. 27, Art. no. 106066, 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.rineng.2025.106066.

[19] S. Al Khaddour and M. B. Ibrahim, “Experimental investigation on tensile properties of carbon fabric-glass fabric-kevlar fabric-epoxy hybrid composite laminates,” Revue des Composites et des Matériaux Avancés, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 145–151, 2021, doi: 10.18280/rcma.310305.

[20] I. R. Chowdhury and J. Summerscales, “Woven fabrics for composite reinforcement: A review,” Journal of Composites Science, vol. 8, no. 7, Art. no. 280, 2024, doi: 10.3390/jcs8070280.

[21] H. Özdemir, B. M. Içten, and A. Doğan, “Experimental investigation of the tensile and impact properties of twill and twill derivative woven fabric reinforced composites,” Tekstil ve Konfeksiyon, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 258–272, 2018, doi: 10.32710/tekstilvekonfeksiyon.482873.

[22] J. Zhang, K. Chaisombat, S. He, and C. H. Wang, “Hybrid composite laminates reinforced with glass/carbon woven fabrics for lightweight load bearing structures,” Materials & Design, vol. 36, pp. 75–80, 2012, doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2011.11.006.

[23] H. A. Haery, R. Zahari, W. Kuntjoro, and Y. M. Taib, “Tensile strength of notched woven fabric hybrid glass, carbon/epoxy composite laminates,” Journal of Industrial Textiles, vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 383–395, 2014, doi: 10.1177/1528083712456055.

[24] K. S. Pandya, C. Veerraju, and N. K. Naik, “Hybrid composites made of carbon and glass woven fabrics under quasi-static loading,” Materials & Design, vol. 32, no. 7, pp. 4094–4099, 2011, doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2011.03.003.

[25] K. Naito, “Static and fatigue tensile properties of carbon/glass hybrid fiber-reinforced epoxy composites,” Scientific Reports, vol. 12, Art. no. 6298, 2022, doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-10245-5.

[26] D. K. Jesthi, A. Nayak, S. S. Mohanty, A. K. Rout, and R. K. Nayak, “Evaluation of mechanical properties of hybrid composite laminates reinforced with glass/carbon woven fabrics,” in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 377, Art. no. 012157, 2018, doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/377/1/012157.

[27] D. K. Jesthi and R. K. Nayak, “Improvement of mechanical properties of hybrid composites through interply rearrangement of glass and carbon woven fabrics for marine application,” Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 168, pp. 467–475, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.03.042.

[28] W. Z. Zhao and W. Zhou, “Cluster analysis of acoustic emission signals and tensile properties of carbon/glass fiber-reinforced hybrid composites,” Structural Health Monitoring, vol. 18, nos. 5–6, pp. 1686–1697, 2019, doi: 10.1177/1475921719833467.

[29] S. C. Khatri and M. J. Koczak, “Thick-section AS4-graphite/E-glass/PPS hybrid composites: Part I. Tensile behavior,” Composites Science and Technology, vol. 56, pp. 181–192, 1996, doi: 10.1016/0266-3538(95)00142-5.

[30] K. Aruchamy, S. Pavayee Subramani, S. K. Palaniappan, B. Sethuraman, and G. Velu Kaliyannan, “Study on mechanical characteristics of woven cotton/bamboo hybrid reinforced composite laminates,” Journal of Materials Research and Technology, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 718–726, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2019.11.013.

[31] M. V. Donadon, B. G. Falzon, L. Iannucci, and J. M. Hodgkinson, “Intralaminar toughness characterisation of unbalanced hybrid plain weave laminates,” Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, vol. 38, no. 6, pp. 1597–1611, 2007, doi: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2006.12.003.

[32] “Tema A2a: Materiales. Materiales compuestos de matriz polimérica,” 2015.

[33] ASTM International, “Standard test method for tensile properties of polymer matrix composite materials,” ASTM D3039/D3039M-00e1, 2000.

[34] M. Huzaifa, S. Zahoor, N. Akhtar, M. H. Abdullah, H. Sajjad, K. Salah Uddin, et al., “Exploring mechanical properties of eco-friendly hybrid epoxy composites reinforced with sisal, hemp, and glass fibers,” Journal of Materials Research and Technology, vol. 33, pp. 2785–2793, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.08.189.

[35] S. Jothibasu, S. Mohanamurugan, R. Vijay, D. Lenin Singaravelu, A. Vinod, and M. R. Sanjay, “Investigation on the mechanical behavior of areca sheath fibers/jute fibers/glass fabrics reinforced hybrid composite for light weight applications,” Journal of Industrial Textiles, vol. 49, no. 8, pp. 1036–1060, 2020, doi: 10.1177/1528083718804207.

[36] C. A. Tefera, S. Duda, and S. Sławski, “A systematic review of hybrid polymeric woven composites: Mechanical performance, numerical simulation, and future perspectives,” Materials, vol. 19, no. 9, Art. no. 1887, 2026, doi: 10.3390/ma19091887.

[37] Y. Swolfs, L. Gorbatikh, and I. Verpoest, “Fibre hybridisation in polymer composites: A review,” Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, vol. 67, pp. 181–200, 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2014.08.027.