Analysis and Improvement of the extrusion area in the weaving process of a textile company
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37636/recit.v9n3e506Keywords:
Disponibilidad, Mantenimiento, Unidades de bobinado, Extrusión, Hilo de polipropileno, Industria textilAbstract
La baja disponibilidad de las unidades de bobinado puede afectar la continuidad de la producción y dificultar la toma de decisiones de mantenimiento en procesos textiles. En la empresa estudiada, ubicada en Matehuala, San Luis Potosí, el seguimiento de estos equipos dependía principalmente de registros manuales y referencias asociadas con su ubicación física, lo que limitaba la trazabilidad, el análisis histórico de fallas y la priorización de intervenciones. El objetivo de este estudio fue desarrollar e implementar un método estructurado y de bajo costo para fortalecer la gestión del mantenimiento de las unidades de bobinado del área de extrusión. La investigación se desarrolló como un estudio de caso de tipo aplicado, con enfoque cuantitativo y alcance descriptivo. El método integró diagnóstico del proceso de mantenimiento, observación directa, estudio de tiempos, análisis causa-raíz, inspecciones termográficas, identificación individual de las unidades de bobinado, clasificación de fallas, priorización de equipos críticos, captura digital de información y evaluación mediante indicadores de disponibilidad. La gestión de los registros y el cálculo de indicadores se automatizaron mediante una herramienta desarrollada en Microsoft Excel® con Visual Basic for Applications. El análisis TOP 10 identificó 40 posiciones críticas y 579 recurrencias de inactividad. Después de la implementación, la disponibilidad general de las líneas evaluadas fue de 93.7 %, superior a la meta corporativa de 86.0 %. Los resultados muestran que la integración estructurada de identificación, priorización, trazabilidad y análisis automatizado de indicadores constituye una alternativa práctica y de bajo costo para apoyar la gestión del mantenimiento en condiciones industriales reales.
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