Estudio estadístico de la influencia de la distribución geométrica del cátodo en la producción de energía eléctrica en una celda de combustible microbiana de sedimentos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37636/recit.v5n1e163Palabras clave:
Celda de combustible microbiana de sedimento, Sedimentos fluviales, Diseño de electrodos, Bioelectricidad, Técnicas estadísticas avanzadasResumen
El impacto negativo al ambiente por la explotación y generación de energía a partir de combustibles fósiles impone la necesidad de búsquedas de nuevas fuentes de energías renovables y sustentables. Las Celdas de Combustible Microbianas de Sedimentos (CCM-S) son una tecnología en desarrollo para la producción de bioelectricidad. Se ha demostrado que algunos microorganismos presentes en sedimentos de ambientes fluviales son capaces de producir electrones durante las reacciones bioquímicas de su metabolismo. Uno de los aspectos fundamentales en la eficiencia de una CCM-S son los electrodos del biorreactor. La presente investigación se enfocó en el estudio y demostración estadística de la influencia del diseño del cátodo de una CCM-S sobre la producción de bioelectricidad a partir de sedimentos fluviales. Se diseñaron dos cátodos de una CCM-S no dividida. Los electrodos fueron fabricados de Fibra de Carbono Unidireccional (FCU). El área total del ánodo fue de 81 cm2, los cátodos evaluados tuvieron áreas de 81 cm2 y 40.5 cm2. Se colectaron muestras de sedimentos y agua del Río Culiacán. El volumen total de trabajo fue de 1500 ml. Se estudiaron dos CCM-S, en el primer biorreactor el cátodo fue colocado verticalmente y sumergido en el electrolito de trabajo, mientras el cátodo de la segunda celda fue colocado horizontal y parcialmente sumergido. Se determinó la diferencia de potencial eléctrico producido por ambas celdas durante 40 días y se monitorearon algunos parametros físicos. Los resultados de ambas CCM-S fueron comparados y las distribuciones de voltaje obtenidas fueron caracterizadas estadísticamente empleando el software R. Además se realizó un ANOVA mediante el test de Welch y comparaciones robustas mediante la función Lincon para comprobar la existencia de diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos. Los resultados demostraron que es posible obtener energía eléctrica a partir de los sedimentos fluviales. Se obtuvieron valores máximos de voltaje de 513 mV y 664.7 mV para las celdas 1 y 2, respectivamente, evidenciando que la disposición del cátodo en la celda influye en la energía producida. El estudio estadístico avanzado comprobó que existen diferencias significativas entre las medias de las distribuciones de voltaje de ambas celdas, con un p-value de 0.01 con un nivel de confianza de 95%.
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