Remoción de arsénico y fluoruro del agua mediante filtros con arena, hierro y destilación solar

Autores/as

  • Juan Carlos Burillo Montúfar Universidad Autonoma de Chihuahua, Av. Escorza No. 900, Zona Centro. Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México México. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2539-9615
    Conflictos de interés

    No existe conflicto de intere=és con el autor

  • Antonio Cardona Benavides Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Álvaro Obregón 64, Zona Centro, C.P. 78000, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosi, México. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8121-4657
    Conflictos de interés

    No existe conflicto de interés con el autor

  • Gilberto Wenglas Lara Universidad Autonoma de Chihuahua, Av. Escorza No. 900, Zona Centro. Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México México. https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9971-3070
    Conflictos de interés

    No existe conflicto de interés con el autor

  • Jorge Márquez Balderrama Universidad Autonoma de Chihuahua, Av. Escorza No. 900, Zona Centro. Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México México.
    Conflictos de interés

    No existe conflicto de interés con el autor

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37636/recit.v9n3e491

Palabras clave:

Filtros, Remoción, Arsénico, Fluoruro, Agua, Destilación solar

Resumen

Los prototipos para potabilizar agua son una opción económica y ambiental viable al alcance de una vivienda o sectores urbanos. Esta propuesta se alinea con el derecho humano al agua establecido por la ONU y los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible 6 y 11 de la Agenda 2030. El objetivo del presente estudio es evaluar la eficiencia de tres prototipos para la remoción de arsénico (As) y fluoruro (F) del agua en una comunidad del Estado de Chihuahua. Se hizo la propuesta de diseño, construcción y operación de dos filtros de arenas con clavos de hierro y un destilador solar. Las concentraciones de As (0.0307–0.4527 mg/L) y F (2.32–8.75 mg/L) registradas en el acuífero Meoqui-Delicias son comparables con las del pozo San José de la comunidad La Regina, donde la concentración máxima de As fue de 0.324 mg/L y de F de 33.39 mg/L. Con el filtro casero se alcanzó hasta 96% de remoción de As y 95% de F; para el filtro comunitario, la eficiencia conjunta de As y F fue de más del 72%, y el destilador solar de más del 88%. La eficiencia dependió de la cantidad y tamaño de los clavos, tiempos de filtrado y tipo de arena. El filtro casero en la prueba 2 alcanzó un valor de As (0.009 mg/L), y el destilador solar en la prueba 17 As y F (0.002 y 0.86 mg/L), respectivamente; sin embargo, el agua tratada aún no es potable. El reto actual es involucrar a las comunidades para adaptar y operar estos sistemas.

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Detalle constructivo de los filtros domésticos.

Publicado

2026-07-31

Declaración de disponibilidad de datos

Los autores no han puesto al público los datos de la investigación

Cómo citar

Burillo Montúfar, J. C., Cardona Benavides, A., Wenglas Lara, G. ., & Márquez Balderrama, J. (2026). Remoción de arsénico y fluoruro del agua mediante filtros con arena, hierro y destilación solar. Revista De Ciencias Tecnológicas, 9(3), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.37636/recit.v9n3e491

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