Processing of blast furnace collector dusts for their utilization in the steel industry
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37636/recit.v7n3e277Keywords:
Blast furnace, Collector dusts, Leaching, Magnetic separation, Powder processingAbstract
The production of pig iron involves the generation of by-products such as collector dusts, which are attractive due to their Fe content. However, they cannot be directly reused because of their high content of Zn and alkalis. Therefore, this research aims to explore their utilization through acid leaching. To achieve this, a sample was processed through grinding (1h) and low-intensity magnetic separation, and then the effect of hydrochloric acid as a leaching agent was evaluated at each stage of the process (0.10, 0.25, 0.50 and 1.0M HCl). Furthermore, the effect of temperature was analyzed for the system with 1M HCl. The results indicate that working with systems with high HCl concentration in both fresh and ground material made it possible to dissolve up to 65% Zn content in the initial sample (with 38.8% Fe). On the other hand, leaching the magnetically treated dusts achieved Zn solutions of 56% and 65% for 1 and 2 cleaning cycles, respectively. Regarding the Fe content, an increase was observed compared to the initial content, reaching from 53.8% to 59% Fe (making its processing feasible). Furthermore, as the temperature increased, the leaching of Zn was privileged, reaching up to 74% dissolution at 85°C. In the case of Na2O, P, and K2O dissolution, an increase in working temperature accelerated the dissolution kinetics. However, in the case of Fe, an increase in working temperature led to a decrease in its concentration. Lastly, thermodynamic analysis determined the ∆G° values of the reactions, indicating their spontaneity, i.e., they occur without the need of applied energy. In conclusion, it was possible to compare the effect of leaching systems at each stage of processing. At room temperature, leaching of the untreated dust achieved up to 65% Zn dissolution with 38.8% Fe, and after 2 rounds of magnetic cleaning, a dissolution of 65% Zn with a 61.4% Fe content is attained. By increasing the temperature, most of the reactions involved in the leaching process are catalyzed, especially the zinc dissolution (up to 74%). The feasibility of the involved reactions can be supported through thermodynamics.
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