Comparación de sistemas de constelaciones de satélites LEO para comunicaciones de banda ancha globales

Autores/as

  • Kleiverg Eulalio Encino Morales Instituto Tecnológico de Ensenada, Boulevard Tecnológico No. 150, Ex-Ejido Chapultepec, 22780 Ensenada, Baja California, México https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4878-8477
    Conflictos de interés

    The autor declares no conflicts of interest

  • Miguel Ángel Sidón Ayala Instituto Tecnológico de Ensenada, Boulevard Tecnológico No. 150, Ex-Ejido Chapultepec, 22780 Ensenada, Baja California, México https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7338-6502
    Conflictos de interés

    The autor declares no conflicts of interest

  • Rolando Díaz Castillo Instituto Tecnológico de Ensenada, Boulevard Tecnológico No. 150, Ex-Ejido Chapultepec, 22780 Ensenada, Baja California, México https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9712-0493
    Conflictos de interés

    The autor declares no conflicts of interest

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37636/10.37636/recit.v9n3e449

Palabras clave:

Constelaciones LEO, Comunicaciones de banda ancha globales, Arquitectura de red, Modelado de cobertura, Rendimiento de latencia, Comparación de sistemas

Resumen

Este artículo presenta un marco cuantitativo diseñado para evaluar y comparar constelaciones de satélites en órbita terrestre baja (LEO) para comunicaciones de banda ancha globales. El análisis considera cuatro sistemas representativos: Starlink, OneWeb, Telesat y el Proyecto Kuiper de Amazon, considerando tanto la configuración orbital como la arquitectura de red como características clave de diseño. La metodología propuesta integra un modelo de cobertura geométrica junto con una formulación de latencia que tiene en cuenta el retardo de propagación y los efectos de enrutamiento, incluidos los enlaces intersatelital (ISL). Además, se introduce una métrica de densidad de servicio para caracterizar la distribución espacial de los satélites y su impacto en la capacidad del sistema. Estas métricas se combinan en un índice de rendimiento multicriterio normalizado, lo que permite una comparación consistente y reproducible a nivel de sistema. Los resultados revelan que, si bien la cobertura está gobernada principalmente por la altitud orbital, la arquitectura de red juega un papel dominante en la latencia efectiva, y las constelaciones con ISL habilitado logran una mayor eficiencia de enrutamiento en comparación con los diseños de tubería curva. El índice de rendimiento integrado muestra que las constelaciones de baja altitud y alta densidad logran un rendimiento general superior en escenarios donde la latencia es un factor crítico. Starlink obtiene la mejor posición gracias a su menor retardo y alta densidad espacial. El Proyecto Kuiper presenta un rendimiento equilibrado en todas las métricas, mientras que OneWeb y Telesat se ven limitadas por una mayor latencia y menor densidad, a pesar de su mayor cobertura.

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Arquitecturas representativas de redes de satélites LEO: (a) arquitectura de tubo curvado que depende de puertas de enlace terrestres, (b) arquitectura habilitada para enlace entre satélites (ISL) y (c) arquitectura híbrida que integra ambos enfoques.

Publicado

2026-07-13

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Cómo citar

Encino Morales, K. E., Sidón Ayala, M. Ángel ., & Díaz Castillo, R. . (2026). Comparación de sistemas de constelaciones de satélites LEO para comunicaciones de banda ancha globales. Revista De Ciencias Tecnológicas, 9(3), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.37636/10.37636/recit.v9n3e449

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