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https://doi.org/10.37636/Keywords:
Electrodeposición, iones metálicos, bioincrustación, biopelículasAbstract
Prevenir la bioincrustación en diferentes ambientes acuosos, sin introducir sustancias tóxicas en el entorno, ha impulsado al desarrollo de nuevas investigaciones. La aplicación de la nanotecnología en la protección contra la bioincrustación se ha impulsado en diversos campos. En el presente trabajo se estudió el mecanismo involucrado en la formación de biopelículas sobre el acero inoxidable AISI 304 previamente modificado con depósito de iones metálicos (Ag y Cu). Las superficies modificadas se caracterizaron mediante diversas técnicas, como difracción de rayos X (DRX), microscopía electrónica de barrido (MEB), espectroscopía de energía dispersiva (EDS), ángulo de contacto y rugosidad. De igual forma, se evaluó la actividad microbiana de los sustratos con los electrodepósitos de Ag y Cu de acuerdo con la norma ASTM E2562-12. Mediante las micrografías MEB se pudo ver la morfología de los recubrimientos de cobre y de plata en la superficie del acero inoxidable, donde se observó la formación de un depósito homogéneo y bien distribuido de las nanopartículas de Cu y Ag, la composición de estas nanopartículas fue confirmada mediante el análisis de EDS. El análisis DRX confirmó la presencia de Ag y Cu además de la austenita Fe-γ (FCC) en la superficie. Esta austenita expandida proporciona elevada resistencia al desgaste y a la corrosión. Por otra parte, las superficies con el depósito de plata mostraron un descenso en la actividad antimicrobiana, esto debido a que la plata interfiere en el metabolismo celular ya sea rompiendo la pared celular o causando alteraciones genéticas en la bacteria que llevan a su muerte.
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